Cooper LTJ, Myocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(15):1526–38.
Alida LP, Caforio, Sabine, Pankuweit, Eloisa A, et al. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(33):2636–48.
Sagar S, Liu PP, Cooper LT. Myocarditis Lancet. 2012;379(9817):738–47.
Amabile N, Fraisse A, Bouvenot J, Chetaille P, Ovaert C. Outcome of acute fulminant myocarditis in children. Heart. 2006;92(9):1269–73.
Kindermann I, Barth C, Mahfoud F, Ukena C, Lenski M, Yilmaz A, et al. Update on Myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(9):779–92.
Leslie TC, Kenneth LB, Arthur MF, Andrea F, Mariell J, Uwe K, et al. The role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the European Society of Cardiology. Circulation. 2007;50(19):1914–31.
Mccarthy RE, Boehmer JP, Hruban RH, Hutchins GM, Baughman KL. Long-term outcome of fulminant myocarditis as compared with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(10):690–5.
Ammirati E, Cipriani M, Lilliu M, Sormani P, Varrenti M, Raineri C, et al. Survival and left ventricular function changes in Fulminant Versus Nonfulminant Acute myocarditis. Circulation. 2017;136(6):529–45.
Ammirati E, Cipriani M, Moro C, Raineri C, Pini D, Sormani P, et al. Clinical presentation and outcome in a contemporary cohort of patients with Acute myocarditis: Multicenter Lombardy Registry. Circulation. 2018;138(11):1088–99.
Caforio ALP, Fiorella C, Annalisa A, Francesco T, Annalisa V, Stefania B, et al. A prospective study of biopsy-proven myocarditis: prognostic relevance of clinical and aetiopathogenetic features at diagnosis. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(11):1326–33.
Kindermann I, Kindermann M, Kandolf R, Klingel K, Bültmann B, Müller T, et al. Predictors of outcome in patients with suspected myocarditis. Circulation. 2008;118(6):639–48.
Grün S, Schumm J, Greulich S, Wagner A, Schneider S, Bruder O, et al. Long-term follow-up of biopsy-proven viral myocarditis: predictors of mortality and incomplete recovery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(18):1604–15.
Anzini M, Merlo M, Sabbadini G, Barbati G, Finocchiaro G, Pinamonti B, et al. Long-term evolution and prognostic stratification of biopsy-proven active myocarditis. Circulation. 2013;128(22):2384–94.
Asaumi Y, Yasuda S, Morii I, Kakuchi H, Otsuka Y, Kawamura A, et al. Favourable clinical outcome in patients with cardiogenic shock due to fulminant myocarditis supported by percutaneous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(20):2185–92.
Chong S, Fang C, Fang H, Chen H, Chen C, Yang C, et al. Associations with the In-Hospital survival following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult Acute Fulminant myocarditis. J Clin Med. 2018;7(11):452.
Matsumoto M, Asaumi Y, Nakamura Y, Nakatani T, Nagai T, Kanaya T, et al. Clinical determinants of successful weaning from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with fulminant myocarditis. ESC Heart Fail. 2018;5(4):675–84.
Chou HW, Wang CH, Lin LY, Chi NH, Chou NK, Yu HY, et al. Prognostic factors for heart recovery in adult patients with acute fulminant myocarditis and cardiogenic shock supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Crit Care. 2020;57:214–9.
Chen HS, Wang W, Wu SN, Liu JP. Corticosteroids for viral myocarditis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013(10).
Pankuweit S, Maisch B. [Etiology, diagnosis, management, and treatment of myocarditis: position paper from the ESC Working Group on myocardial and pericardial diseases]. Herz. 2013;38(8):855–61.
Xin H, Yufei S, Guanhua S, Yu L, Xinxin S. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for Acute myocarditis in children and adults. Int Heart J. 2019;60(2):359–65.
Mansourabadi AH, Gol L, Afrakoti MP, Shahi A, Amirzargar A. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in Myocarditis. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;19(4):323–36.
Lin R, Zhang C. Pediatric Fulminant myocarditis Expert Consensus on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Chin J Emerg Med. 2020;29(1):36–42.
Kim J, Cho M. Acute myocarditis in children: a 10-year Nationwide Study (2007–2016) based on the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Database in Korea. Korean Circulation J. 2020;50(11):1013–22.
Zhuang S, Shi P, Gao H, Zhuang Q, Huang G. Clinical characteristics and mortality risk prediction model in children with acute myocarditis. World J Pediatr. 2023;19(2):180–8.
Chen R, Shi J, Ren Y, Wang F, Zhou Y, Cui Y. Clinical features and outcomes of pediatric acute fulminant myocarditis requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2019;99(47):3715–9.
Mistrulli R, Ferrera A, Muthukkattil M, Volpe M, Barbato E, Battistoni A. SARS-CoV-2 related myocarditis: what we know so far. J Clin Med. 2023;12(14):4700.
Maisch B, Ruppert V, Pankuweit S. Management of fulminant myocarditis: a diagnosis in search of its etiology but with therapeutic options. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2014;11(2):166–77.
Maisch B, Alter P. Treatment options in myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: Focus on i. v. immunoglobulins. Herz. 2018;43(5):423–30.
Wang Q, Pan W, Shen L, Wang X, Xu S, Chen R, et al. Clinical features and prognosis in Chinese patients with acute fulminant myocarditis. Acta Cardiol. 2012;67(5):571–6.
Hang W, Chen C, Seubert J, Wang D. Fulminant myocarditis: a comprehensive review from etiology to treatments and outcomes. Signal Transduct Target Therapy. 2020;5(1):287.
Itoh T, Kobayashi T, Oshikiri Y, Arakawa Y, Satoh M, Morino Y. Clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics in patients with fulminant myocarditis. J Arrhythmia. 2022;38(5):763–71.
Lin K, Li M, Hsieh K, Kuo H, Cheng M, Sheu J, et al. Impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on Acute Fulminant myocarditis-related hemodynamic compromise arrhythmia in children. Pediatr Neonatol. 2016;57(6):480–7.
Ibsen L, Bratton S. Fulminant myocarditis and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: what we know, what is there still to learn? Crit Care Med. 2010;38(2):686–8.
Nahum E, Dagan O, Lev A, Shukrun G, Amir G, Frenkel G, et al. Favorable outcome of pediatric fulminant myocarditis supported by extracorporeal membranous oxygenation. Pediatr Cardiol. 2010;31(7):1059–63.
Kociol R, Cooper L, Fang J, Moslehi J, Pang P, Sabe M, et al. Recognition and Initial Management of fulminant myocarditis: a Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141(6):e69–92.
Tominaga Y, Toda K, Miyagawa S, Yoshioka D, Kainuma S, Kawamura T, et al. Total percutaneous biventricular assist device implantation for fulminant myocarditis. J Artif Organs. 2021;24(2):254–7.
Ammirati E, Veronese G, Brambatti M, Merlo M, Cipriani M, Potena L, et al. Fulminant Versus Acute Nonfulminant myocarditis in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(3):299–311.
Xu M, Jiang T, Zhou Y, Yang X. Influence of echocardiographic measurements and renal impairments on the prognosis of fulminant myocarditis. Medicine. 2018;97(5):e9812.
Ohki S, Hosokawa K, Tomioka S, Matsuoka M, Fushimi K, Matsuda S, et al. Pediatric Fulminant myocarditis in Japan: a Retrospective Nationwide Database Study of Hospital volume, Management practices, and Mortality. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2021;22(7):e391–401.
Urner M, Barnett A, Bassi G, Brodie D, Dalton H, Ferguson N, et al. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with acute covid-19 associated respiratory failure: comparative effectiveness study. BMJ. 2022;377:e068723.
Wang Y, Tsai C, Chen J, Tsai Y, Lin C, Yang H, et al. Efficacy of a temporary CentriMag ventricular assist device in acute fulminant myocarditis patients revived with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Formos Med Assoc. 2022;121(10):1917–28.
Add Comment