Coronary heart disease (CHD) is generally accompanied by obvious clinical symptoms, such as chest pain, chest tightness, shortness of breath, etc. After surgical treatment, clinical symptoms could be improved to a certain extent, and blood vessels could be unblocked to promote blood flow in the body, greatly improving the patient’s myocardial function [10]. However, surgical treatment inevitably causes physical or psychological trauma to patients, leading to slower recovery. Therefore, timely and effective nursing interventions are necessary. The content of the conventional nursing model is too ambiguous, and the nursing plan lacks a certain degree of comprehensiveness and scientificity, resulting in limited overall nursing effectiveness. Moreover, routine care cannot meet the nursing needs of patients, and more effective nursing intervention models should be sought [11, 12]. In this study, multiple protected mode in operating room was used for patients undergoing PCSI, and good results were achieved.
The multiple protection model in the operating room is one of the new nursing modes, which can further give full play to the advantages of diversified protection on the basis of the holistic nursing mode. The multiple protection model focuses on patients, optimizes surgical procedures, standardizes surgical behavior, and improves emergency response. The formulation of nursing plans has always been based on the patient’s own perspective, combined with the patient’s needs to improve the nursing plan, and gradually applied to clinical nursing work [13, 14]. At present, multiple protection model has achieved good results in clinical application. Research found that providing multiple protection model for patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery could effectively maintain the stability of their circulatory function and reduce surgical stress stimulation. Previous research proved that implementing multiple nursing interventions during the perioperative period of pediatric surgery was beneficial for improving the negative stress state of children, enhancing their cooperation during anesthesia, and improving the nurse patient relationship and increasing family satisfaction [15]. The results of this study showed that the intervention group had much higher patient satisfaction with nursing, longer 6-min walking distance and sharply shorter time of getting out of bed and hospitalization after nursing than the control group. These above results indicated that multiple protection model could effectively promote postoperative recovery of patients undergoing CASI and improve the patient satisfaction with nursing. The reason might be that in the multiple protected mode, the nurses formulated corresponding nursing plans according to the patient’s condition and the possible situation during the operation, and at the same time fully did all basic nursing, including cleaning and disinfection, vital sign monitoring, etc. While providing professional services to patients, nursing staff can actively strengthen communication with patients, thereby helping them alleviate anxiety, improve their understanding of the disease, enhance confidence in overcoming the disease, and promote harmonious doctor–patient relationships.
The postoperative recovery in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group, which might be due to the fact that the multivariate protection mode intervention focused on the assessment of the overall condition of the patient and formulated a personalized intervention plan according to the specific situation of the patient, so as to improve the safety and effectiveness of the operation. Secondly, through multidisciplinary cooperation, this model gave full play to the advantages of each specialty to provide patients with comprehensive and continuous care, reduced the risk of postoperative complications, and promoted early postoperative recovery. In addition, the multi-protection model also focused on the psychological and social intervention of patients, relieved patients’ preoperative tension and postoperative anxiety, reduced stress response, and promoted disease recovery. After years of clinical development [16], the multiple protection model in the operating room has gradually matured. The key step of multiple protection model is that comprehensive nursing intervention mode should be adopted for patients in the perioperative period to reduce surgical trauma and physical stress reaction, promote rapid recovery of patients after surgery, and reduce complications.
Psychological stress refers to the emotional reactions of patients towards the surgery itself and its possible consequences, such as anxiety, fear, etc. [17]. Physiological stress refers to a series of changes in the body caused by trauma or stimulation, mainly manifested as thermoregulation dysfunction, elevated blood pressure, accelerated heart rate, shortness of breath, increased sweating, pale skin, muscle tension, pain, and even nausea and vomiting. Therefore, perioperative nursing intervention is particularly important [18]. Relevant data show that [19], the multiple protected mode of the operating room can effectively reduce the anxiety, depression and other negative emotions of cesarean section women, maintain stable blood pressure and heart rate, and improve maternal satisfaction. The results of this study exhibited that the HAMA score, HAMD score, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol, epinephrine levels and the incidence of adverse cardiac risk time of patients in the intervention group after nursing were sharply lower than those in the control group. It could be seen that the intervention of multiple protected mode in the operating room could effectively reduce the psychological and physiological stress response of patients due to surgery. The reason might be that in the intervention of multiple protected mode, psychological support through positive suggestion were given to the patients, and scientific, humanized and personalized psychological counseling intervention was provided. Patients’ response to surgical treatment was largely reduced, and they could cooperate with doctors with an optimistic attitude to prevent excessive panic and instability of vital signs during surgery. In addition, the adoption of hypothermia protection nursing mode can timely make nursing staff aware of potential risk events that may occur during surgery. In the operating room, the nursing staff can timely keep patients warm and prevent hypothermia by heating the operating bed and irrigating fluid [20]. In addition, the multiple protection model intervenes in transportation protection, paying attention to the patient’s physiological comfort during transportation and reducing the occurrence of adverse events during transportation. The multiple protection mode in the operating room emphasizes close intraoperative monitoring, and timely detection and treatment of intraoperative complications, which helps to reduce the incidence of intraoperative complications and improve the safety of surgery. However, due to the limited sample size included in this study, postoperative complications are likely to be related to the quality of surgical intervention and the quality of drug therapy, so further studies with large sample sizes are needed to verify the results.
In general, the application of multiple protection model in the operating room on patients undergoing coronary stent implantation promoted postoperative recovery, reduced patients’ psychological and physiological stress, maintained blood pressure and other vital signs, reduced the incidence of adverse cardiac risk events, and improved the patient satisfaction with nursing. There were still certain limitations in this study. Due to economic and time limitations, it was not possible to conduct follow-up work for each patient after discharge to have a clear understanding of the patient’s recovery. In addition, due to limited human and material resources, the subjects in this study were only limited to the patients who had undergone PCSI, and did not involve the patients who had undergone surgery in other departments. Thus, the disease types are still needed to be expanded to further confirm the clinical application value of the multiple protection model in the operating room.
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