Scientific Papers

The vmPFC-IPL functional connectivity as the neural basis of future self-continuity impacted procrastination: the mediating role of anticipated positive outcomes | Behavioral and Brain Functions


  • Addis DR, Wong AT, Schacter DL. Remembering the past and imagining the future: common and distinct neural substrates during event construction and elaboration. Neuropsychologia. 2007;45(7):1363–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.10.016.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Adelman RM, Herrmann SD, Bodford JE, Barbour JE, Graudejus O, Okun MA, Kwan VSY. Feeling closer to the future self and doing better: temporal psychological mechanisms underlying academic performance. J Pers. 2017;85(3):398–408. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12248.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Alaya MB, Ouali U, Youssef SB, Aissa A, Nacef F. Academic procrastination in university students: associated factors and impact on academic performance. Eur Psychiatry. 2021;64(S1):S759–60. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2013.

    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Andrews-Hanna JR, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Lustig C, Head D, Raichle ME, Buckner RL. Disruption of large-scale brain systems in advanced aging. Neuron. 2007;56(5):924–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.038.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ashburner J. A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm. Neuroimage. 2007;38(1):95–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ashburner J, Friston KJ. Voxel-based morphometry—the methods. Neuroimage. 2000;11(6):805–21. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2000.0582.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ashburner J, Friston KJ. Unified segmentation. Neuroimage. 2005;26(3):839–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Atance CM, O’Neill DK. Episodic future thinking. Trends Cogn Sci. 2001;5(12):533–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01804-0.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bartels DM, Rips LJ. Psychological connectedness and intertemporal choice. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2010;139(1):49.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bartels DM, Urminsky O. On intertemporal selfishness: how the perceived instability of identity underlies impatient consumption. J Consumer Res. 2011;38(1):182–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/658339.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Behzadi Y, Restom K, Liau J, Liu TT. A component based noise correction method (CompCor) for BOLD and perfusion based fMRI. Neuroimage. 2007;37(1):90–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Benoit RG, Schacter DL. Specifying the core network supporting episodic simulation and episodic memory by activation likelihood estimation. Neuropsychologia. 2015;75:450–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.034.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Benoit RG, Szpunar KK, Schacter DL. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex supports affective future simulation by integrating distributed knowledge. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2014;111(46):16550–5. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419274111.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bertossi E, Candela V, De Luca F, Ciaramelli E. Episodic future thinking following vmPFC damage: impaired event construction, maintenance, or narration? Neuropsychology. 2017;31(3):337–48. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000345.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bertossi E, Tesini C, Cappelli A, Ciaramelli E. Ventromedial prefrontal damage causes a pervasive impairment of episodic memory and future thinking. Neuropsychologia. 2016;90:12–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.01.034.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Blair KS, Otero M, Teng C, Jacobs M, Odenheimer S, Pine DS, Blair RJR. Dissociable roles of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) in value representation and optimistic bias. Neuroimage. 2013;78:103–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.063.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Blouin-Hudon E-MC, Pychyl TA. Experiencing the temporally extended self: initial support for the role of affective states, vivid mental imagery, and future self-continuity in the prediction of academic procrastination. Personality Individ Differ. 2015;86:50–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.003.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Blouin-Hudon E-MC, Pychyl TA. A mental imagery intervention to increase future self-continuity and reduce procrastination. Appl Psychol. 2017;66(2):326–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12088.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Brietzke S, Meyer ML. Temporal self-compression: behavioral and neural evidence that past and future selves are compressed as they move away from the present. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2021;118(49): e2101403118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101403118.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Calluso C, Tosoni A, Cannito L, Committeri G. Concreteness and emotional valence of episodic future thinking (EFT) independently affect the dynamics of intertemporal decisions. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(5): e0217224. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217224.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chai XJ, Castañón AN, Öngür D, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. Anticorrelations in resting state networks without global signal regression. Neuroimage. 2012;59(2):1420–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.048.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chen Z, Liu P, Zhang C, Feng T. Brain morphological dynamics of procrastination: the crucial role of the self-control, emotional, and episodic prospection network. Cereb Cortex. 2020;30(5):2834–53. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz278.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chen Z, Liu P, Zhang C, Yu Z, Feng T. Neural markers of procrastination in white matter microstructures and networks. Psychophysiology. 2021;58(5): e13782. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13782.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ciaramelli E, Anelli F, Frassinetti F. An asymmetry in past and future mental time travel following vmPFC damage. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2021;16(3):315–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa163.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • D’Argembeau A, Stawarczyk D, Majerus S, Collette F, Van der Linden M, Salmon E. Modulation of medial prefrontal and inferior parietal cortices when thinking about past, present, and future selves. Soc Neurosci. 2010;5(2):187–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470910903233562.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • D’Argembeau A, Xue G, Lu Z-L, Van der Linden M, Bechara A. Neural correlates of envisioning emotional events in the near and far future. Neuroimage. 2008;40(1):398–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.11.025.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Davey CG, Pujol J, Harrison BJ. Mapping the self in the brain’s default mode network. Neuroimage. 2016;132:390–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.022.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • De Brigard F, Addis DR, Ford JH, Schacter DL, Giovanello KS. Remembering what could have happened: neural correlates of episodic counterfactual thinking. Neuropsychologia. 2013;51(12):2401–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.01.015.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ersner-Hershfield H, Wimmer GE, Knutson B. Saving for the future self: neural measures of future self-continuity predict temporal discounting. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2009;4(1):85–92. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsn042.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–91. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ferguson MJ, Bargh JA. Liking is for doing: the effects of goal pursuit on automatic evaluation. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004;87(5):557–72. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.557.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ferrari JR, Díaz-Morales JF. Procrastination and mental health coping: a brief report related to students. Individ Differ Res. 2014;12(1):8–11.


    Google Scholar
     

  • Frankort A, Roefs A, Siep N, Roebroeck A, Havermans R, Jansen A. Reward activity in satiated overweight women is decreased during unbiased viewing but increased when imagining taste: an event-related fMRI study. Int J Obes. 2012;36(5):627–37. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2011.213.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ganschow B, Cornet L, Zebel S, van Gelder J-L. Looking back from the future: perspective taking in virtual reality increases future self-continuity. Front Psychol. 2021;12: 664687. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.664687.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Good CD, Johnsrude IS, Ashburner J, Henson RNA, Friston KJ, Frackowiak RSJ. A voxel-based morphometric study of ageing in 465 normal adult human brains. Neuroimage. 2001;14(1):21–36. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2001.0786.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Guerin SA, Robbins CA, Gilmore AW, Schacter DL. Interactions between visual attention and episodic retrieval: dissociable contributions of parietal regions during gist-based false recognition. Neuron. 2012;75(6):1122–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.020.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hayashi MJ, Ivry RB. Duration selectivity in right parietal cortex reflects the subjective experience of time. J Neurosci. 2020;40(40):7749–58. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0078-20.2020.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hayes AF. Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Commun Monogr. 2009;76(4):408–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750903310360.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hershfield HE (2011) Future self-continuity: how conceptions of the future self transform intertemporal choice. In G. R. SamanezLarkin (Ed.), Decision Making Over the Life Span (Vol. 1235, pp. 30–43). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06201.x

  • Hershfield HE, Cohen TR, Thompson L. Short horizons and tempting situations: lack of continuity to our future selves leads to unethical decision making and behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 2012;117(2):298–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.11.002.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hu Y, Liu P, Guo Y, Feng T. The neural substrates of procrastination: a voxel-based morphometry study. Brain Cogn. 2018;121:11–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2018.01.001.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kable JW, Glimcher PW. The neural correlates of subjective value during intertemporal choice. Nat Neurosci. 2007;10(12):1625–33. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn2007.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kable JW, Glimcher PW. An “As Soon As Possible” effect in human intertemporal decision making: behavioral evidence and neural mechanisms. J Neurophysiol. 2010;103(5):2513–31. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00177.2009.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kim K, Johnson MK. Activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex during self-related processing: positive subjective value or personal significance? Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2015;10(4):494–500. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsu078.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kornadt AE, Voss P, Rothermund K. Hope for the best, prepare for the worst? Future self-views and preparation for age-related changes. Psychol Aging. 2015;30(4):967–76. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000048.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kulynych JJ, Vladar K, Jones DW, Weinberger DR. Gender differences in the normal lateralization of the supratemporal cortex: MRI surface-rendering morphometry of Heschl’s Gyrus and the Planum Temporale. Cereb Cortex. 1994;4(2):107–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/4.2.107.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lay CH. At last, my research article on procrastination. J Res Pers. 1986;20(4):474–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(86)90127-3.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lee S, Yu LQ, Lerman C, Kable JW. Subjective value, not a gridlike code, describes neural activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex during value-based decision-making. Neuroimage. 2021;237: 118159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118159.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liao W, Xu Q, Mantini D, Ding J, Machado-de-Sousa JP, Hallak JEC, Trzesniak C, Qiu C, Zeng L, Zhang W, Crippa JAS, Gong Q, Chen H. Altered gray matter morphometry and resting-state functional and structural connectivity in social anxiety disorder. Brain Res. 2011;1388:167–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.03.018.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lin H, Epstein LH. Living in the moment: effects of time perspective and emotional valence of episodic thinking on delay discounting. Behav Neurosci. 2014;128(1):12–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035705.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lindner C, Zitzmann S, Klusmann U, Zimmermann F. From procrastination to frustration—how delaying tasks can affect study satisfaction and dropout intentions over the course of university studies. Learn Individ Differ. 2023;108: 102373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102373.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu P. The effect of future time perspective on procrastination: the role of parahippocampal gyrus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Brain Imaging Behav. 2019;8:615–22.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Madore KP, Szpunar KK, Addis DR, Schacter DL. Episodic specificity induction impacts activity in a core brain network during construction of imagined future experiences. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2016;113(38):10696–701. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612278113.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Metin UB, Peeters MCW, Taris TW. Correlates of procrastination and performance at work: the role of having “good fit.” J Prev Interv Community. 2018;46(3):228–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2018.1470187.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mitchell JP, Schirmer J, Ames DL, Gilbert DT. Medial prefrontal cortex predicts intertemporal choice. J Cogn Neurosci. 2011;23(4):857–66. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21479.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Molouki S, Bartels DM. Personal change and the continuity of the self. Cogn Psychol. 2017;93:1–17.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Muschelli J, Nebel MB, Caffo BS, Barber AD, Pekar JJ, Mostofsky SH. Reduction of motion-related artifacts in resting state fMRI using aCompCor. Neuroimage. 2014;96:22–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.028.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Northoff G, Heinzel A, de Greck M, Bermpohl F, Dobrowolny H, Panksepp J. Self-referential processing in our brain—a meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self. Neuroimage. 2006;31(1):440–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.12.002.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nyberg L, Kim ASN, Habib R, Levine B, Tulving E. Consciousness of subjective time in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010;107(51):22356–9. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1016823108.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Papies E, Stroebe W, Aarts H. Pleasure in the mind: restrained eating and spontaneous hedonic thoughts about food. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2007;43(5):810–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.08.001.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Parfit D. Personal identity. Philos Rev. 1971;80(1):3–27. https://doi.org/10.2307/2184309.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Peelle JE, Cusack R, Henson RNA. Adjusting for global effects in voxel-based morphometry: gray matter decline in normal aging. Neuroimage. 2012;60(2):1503–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.086.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Peters J, Büchel C. The neural mechanisms of inter-temporal decision-making: understanding variability. Trends Cogn Sci. 2011;15(5):227–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.03.002.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Power JD, Barnes KA, Snyder AZ, Schlaggar BL, Petersen SE. Spurious but systematic correlations in functional connectivity MRI networks arise from subject motion. Neuroimage. 2012;59(3):2142–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.018.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Power JD, Barnes KA, Snyder AZ, Schlaggar BL, Petersen SE. Steps toward optimizing motion artifact removal in functional connectivity MRI; a reply to Carp. Neuroimage. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.017.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rebetez MML, Rochat L, Barsics C, Van der Linden M. Procrastination as a self-regulation failure: the role of impulsivity and intrusive thoughts. Psychol Rep. 2018;121(1):26–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117720695.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Satterthwaite TD, Elliott MA, Gerraty RT, Ruparel K, Loughead J, Calkins ME, Eickhoff SB, Hakonarson H, Gur RC, Gur RE, Wolf DH. An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data. Neuroimage. 2013;64:240–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Schacter DL, Benoit RG, Szpunar KK. Episodic future thinking: mechanisms and functions. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2017;17:41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.06.002.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Schmitz TW, Johnson SC. Relevance to self: a brief review and framework of neural systems underlying appraisal. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2007;31(4):585–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.12.003.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sedikides C, Wildschut T, Grouzet F. On the temporal navigation of selfhood: the role of self-continuity. Self Identity. 2018;17(3):255–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2017.1391115.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sharot T, Riccardi AM, Raio CM, Phelps EA. Neural mechanisms mediating optimism bias. Nature. 2007;450(7166):102–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06280.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sirois FM. Is procrastination a vulnerability factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease? Testing an extension of the procrastination–health model. J Behav Med. 2015;38(3):578–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-015-9629-2.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sirois F, Pychyl T. Procrastination and the priority of short-term mood regulation: consequences for future self: procrastination, mood regulation and future self. Soc Pers Psychol Compass. 2013;7(2):115–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12011.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sokol Y, Serper M. Development and validation of a future self-continuity questionnaire: a preliminary report. J Pers Assess. 2020;102(5):677–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2019.1611588.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Solomon LJ, Rothblum ED. Academic procrastination: frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. J Couns Psychol. 1984;31(4):503–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.31.4.503.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Steel P. The nature of procrastination: a meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychol Bull. 2007;133(1):65–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Uddin LQ, Molnar-Szakacs I, Zaidel E, Iacoboni M. rTMS to the right inferior parietal lobule disrupts self–other discrimination. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2006;1(1):65–71. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsl003.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • van Gelder J-L, Hershfield HE, Nordgren LF. Vividness of the future self predicts delinquency. Psychol Sci. 2013;24(6):974–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612465197.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yan C-G, Wang X-D, Zuo X-N, Zang Y-F. DPABI: data processing & analysis for (resting-state) brain imaging. Neuroinformatics. 2016;14(3):339–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12021-016-9299-4.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yang Y, Chen Z, Chen Q, Feng T. Neural basis responsible for episodic future thinking effects on procrastination: The interaction between the cognitive control pathway and emotional processing pathway. Cortex. 2021;145:250–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2021.09.013.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang M, Aggarwal P. Looking ahead or looking back: current evaluations and the effect of psychological connectedness to a temporal self. J Consum Psychol. 2015;25(3):512–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2015.01.002.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang S, Feng T. Modeling procrastination: asymmetric decisions to act between the present and the future. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2020;149:311–22. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000643.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang S, Liu P, Feng T. To do it now or later: the cognitive mechanisms and neural substrates underlying procrastination. WIREs Cogn Sci. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1492.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang W, Wang X, Feng T. Identifying the neural substrates of procrastination: a resting-state fMRI study. Sci Rep. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33203.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     



  • Source link