Effect of Music on Anxiety and Pain Levels of Patients Undergoing Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Study

INTRODUCTION

Thyroid nodules are a common clinical finding detected in 19–67% of individuals and malignancies are found in 5–15% of thyroid nodules 1, 2, 3. Thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a method commonly used in distinguishing malignant and benign nodules (4). Though it is easy to apply, it is still considered an invasive procedure that can cause anxiety in patients (5). Anxiety felt during a needle biopsy can cause increased pain sensation, hypertension, and tachycardia 6, 7. Therefore,

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study was a randomized controlled prospective trial conducted in the Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, Interventional Radiology Clinic obtaining the ethics committee approval. In this study, the effects of music on anxiety and pain levels in patients who underwent thyroid biopsy were investigated. The study included patients who requested a thyroid biopsy in the hospital’s interventional radiology clinic between August 2021 and December 2021. Inclusion criteria for this

RESULTS

A total of 143 patients were eligible for participation in this study. After the exclusion criteria, 94 patients in total (65.7%) were equally and randomly distributed into group 1 and group 2, with a total of 47 patients in each group. The biopsy procedure was canceled at the request of 1 patient in group 1. The biopsy procedure was canceled because a patient in group 2 experienced a heart palpitation. A patient was excluded from the study for murmuring the song and breaking the single blind

DISCUSSIONS

The present study aimed to determine the effect of music on the anxiety and pain caused by thyroid biopsy. The results revealed that music significantly decreases state anxiety levels pre- and post-biopsy, and the pain level was significantly lower in those who listened to music.

FNAB is an easy and quick minimally invasive interventional procedure with high patient compliance. It is frequently used for the evaluation of thyroid nodules (21). Music is an easily accessible, cost-free,

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study demonstrate music therapy is an inexpensive, safe, and non-invasive method in thyroid biopsy patients for decreasing pain and anxiety levels during procedure.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The author(s) certify that they have no affiliation with or financial involvement in any organization or entity with a direct financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (e.g. honoraria, consultancies, stock). Any research or project (e.g. Ministry of Science Research) support is identified in the ‘Acknowledgment’ section of the manuscript.