Singer M, Deutschman C, Warren C, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315:801.
Deutschman C, Tracey K. Sepsis: current dogma and new perspectives. Immunity. 2014;40:463.
Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, Shackelford KA, Tsoi D, Kievlan DR, Colombara DV, et al. Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 2020;18(395):200.
Paoli CJ, Reynolds MA, Sinha M, Gitlin M, Crouser E. Epidemiology and costs of sepsis in the United States—an analysis based on timing of diagnosis and severity level. Crit Care Med. 2018;46:1889.
Gyawali B, Ramakrishna K, Dhamoon AS. Sepsis: the evolution in definition, pathophysiology, and management. SAGE Open Med. 2019;7:1.
Huang M, Cai S, Su J. The pathogenesis of sepsis and potential therapeutic targets. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20:5376.
Remick DG, Newcomb DE, Bolgos GL, Call DR. Comparison of the mortality and inflammatory response of two models of sepsis: lipopolysaccharide vs. cecal ligation and puncture. Shock. 2000;13:110.
Lewis AJ, Seymour CW, Rosengart MR. Current murine models of sepsis. Surg Infect. 2016;17:385.
Angele MK, Pratschke S, Hubbard WJ, Chaudry IH. Gender differences in sepsis: cardiovascular and immunological aspects. Virulence. 2014;5:12.
Aksoy AN, Toker A, Celık M, Aksoy M, Halıcı Z, Aksoy H. The effect of progesterone on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in the rat model of sepsis. Indian J Pharmacol. 2014;46:622.
Hall OJ, Klein SL. Progesterone-based compounds affect immune responses and susceptibility to infections at diverse mucosal sites. Mucosal Immunol. 2017;10:1097.
Bernhardt JA, d’Acampora AJ, Tramonte R, Serafim JD. Effect of post-natal castration on sepsis mortality in rats. Acta Cir Bras. 2007;22:22.
Scotland RS, Stables MJ, Madalli S, Watson P, Gilroy DW. Sex differences in resident immune cell phenotype underlie more efficient acute inflammatory responses in female mice. Blood. 2011;118:5918.
Bojalil R, Mata-González MT, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Yee Y, Argueta I, Bolaños L, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Camacho-Villegas TA, Sánchez-Castrejón E, García-Ubbelohde WJ, Licea-Navarro AF, Márquez-Velasco R, Paniagua-Solís JF. Anti-tumor necrosis factor VNAR single domains reduce lethality and regulate underlying inflammatory response in a murine model of endotoxic shock. BMC Immunol. 2013;14:17.
Víctor VM, De la Fuente M. Comparative study of peritoneal macrophage functions in mice receiving lethal and non-lethal doses of LPS. J Endotoxin Res. 2000;6:235.
Drechsler S, Weixelbaumer KM, Redl H, van Griensven M, Bahrami S, Osuchowski MF. Experimentally approaching the ICU: monitoring outcome-based responses in the two-hit mouse model of posttraumatic sepsis. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011: 357926.
Drechsler S, Weixelbaumer KM, Weidinger A, Raeven P, Khadem A, Redl H, van Griensven M, Bahrami S, Remick D, Kozlov A, Osuchowski MF. Why do they die? Comparison of selected aspects of organ injury and dysfunction in mice surviving and dying in acute abdominal sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2015;3:48.
Li JL, Li G, Jing XZ, Li YF, Ye QY, Jia HH, Liu SH, Li XJ, Li H, Huang R, Zhang Y, Wang H. Assessment of clinical sepsis-associated biomarkers in a septic mouse model. J Int Med Res. 2018;46:2410.
Vandewalle J, Steeland S, Van Ryckeghem S, Eggermont M, Van Wonterghem E, Vandenbroucke RE, Libert C. A study of cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in tissue-specific tumor necrosis factor receptor 1-deficient mice. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2574.
Márquez-Velasco R, Bojalil R, Buelna A, Flores-Guzmán F, Estevez-Ramirez J, Laguna J, Hernández AM, Díaz-Quiñonez A, Paniagua-Solís JF. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha F(ab’)2 antibody fragments protect in murine polymicrobial sepsis: concentration and early intervention are fundamental to the outcome. Inflamm Res. 2006;55:378.
Márquez-Velasco R, Martínez-Velázquez AX, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Flores-Guzmán F, Díaz-Quiñonez A, Massó F, Paniagua-Solís J, Bojalil R. Enhanced survival from CLP-induced sepsis following late administration of low doses of anti-IFNγ F(ab’)2 antibody fragments. Inflamm Res. 2011;60:947.
Doi K, Leelahavanichkul A, Yuen PS, Star RA. Animal models of sepsis and sepsis-induced kidney injury. J Clin Invest. 2009;119:2868.
Drechsler S, Weixelbaumer K, Raeven P, Jafarmadar M, Khadem A, van Griensven M, Bahrami S, Osuchowski MF. Relationship between age/gender-induced survival changes and the magnitude of inflammatory activation and organ dysfunction in post-traumatic sepsis. PLoS ONE. 2012;7: e51457.
Wehrenpfennig P, Drechsler S, Weixelbaumer KM, Bahrami S, Osuchowski MF. Mouse model of posttraumatic abdominal sepsis: survival advantage of females over males does not depend on the cecum size. Eur Surg Res. 2014;52:83.
Tsuyuguchi K, Suzuki K, Matsumoto H, Tanaka E, Amitani R, Kuze F. Effect of oestrogen on Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary infection in mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 2001;123:428.
Vázquez-Martínez ER, García-Gómez E, Camacho-Arroyo I, González-Pedrajo B. Sexual dimorphism in bacterial infections. Biol Sex Differ. 2018;9:27.
Kuo SM. Gender difference in bacteria endotoxin-induced inflammatory and anorexic responses. PLoS ONE. 2016;11: e0162971.
Speyer CL, Rancilio NJ, McClintock SD, Crawford JD, Gao H, Sarma JV, Ward PA. Regulatory effects of estrogen on acute lung inflammation in mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005;288:C881.
Merkel SM, Alexander S, Zufall E, Oliver JD, Huet-Hudson YM. Essential role for estrogen in protection against Vibrio vulnificus-induced endotoxic shock. Infect Immun. 2001;69:6119.
Souza CLSE, Barbosa CD, Coelho HILN, Santos Júnior MN, Barbosa EN, Queiroz ÉC, Teles MF, Dos Santos DC, Bittencourt RS, Soares TJ, Oliveira MV, Timenetsky J, Campos GB, Marques LM. Effects of 17β-estradiol on monocyte/macrophage response to Staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11: 701391.
Korneev KV. Mouse models of sepsis and septic shock. Mol Biol. 2019;53:704.
Cohen TS, Pelletier M, Cheng L, Pennini ME, Bonnell J, Cvitkovic R, Chang CS, Xiao X, Cameroni E, Corti D, Semenova E, Warrener P, Sellman BR, Suzich J, Wang Q, Stover CK. Anti-LPS antibodies protect against Klebsiella pneumoniae by empowering neutrophil-mediated clearance without neutralizing TLR4. JCI Insight. 2017;2: e92774.
Pahl HL. Activators and target genes of Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factors. Oncogene. 1999;18:6853.
Pantano C, Reynaert NL, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger YM. Redox-sensitive kinases of the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006;8:1791.
Kaymak C, Basar H, Sardas S. Reactive oxygen species (Ros) generation in sepsis. FABAD J Pharm Sci. 2011;36:41.
Zhang H, Park Y, Wu J, Chen XP, Lee S, Yang J, Dellsperger KC, Zhang C. Role of TNF-alpha in vascular dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond). 2009;116:219.
Sharawy N, Lehmann C. Molecular mechanisms by which iNOS uncoupling can induce cardiovascular dysfunction during sepsis: role of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Life Sci. 2020;255: 117821.
Winer LK, Salyer C, Beckmann N, Caldwell CC, Nomellini V. Enigmatic role of coagulopathy among sepsis survivors: a review of coagulation abnormalities and their possible link to chronic critical illness. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2020;5: e000462.
Flanders KC, Yang YA, Herrmann M, Chen J, Mendoza N, Mirza AM, Wakefield LM. Quantitation of TGF-β proteins in mouse tissues shows reciprocal changes in TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 in normal vs neoplastic mammary epithelium. Oncotarget. 2016;7:38164.
Christ M, McCartney-Francis NL, Kulkarni AB, et al. Immune dysregulation in TGF-beta 1-deficient mice. J Immunol. 1994;153:1936.
Imai K, Takeshita A, Hanazawa S. Transforming growth factor-beta inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated expression of inflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages through downregulation of activation protein 1 and CD14 receptor expression. Infect Immun. 2000;68:2418.
Sanjabi S, Oh SA, Li MO. Regulation of the immune response by TGF-β: from conception to autoimmunity and infection. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017;9: a022236.
Liu F, Qiu H, Xue M, Zhang S, Zhang X, Xu J, Chen J, Yang Y, Xie J. MSC-secreted TGF-β regulates lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage M2-like polarization via the Akt/FoxO1 pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;10:345.
Bergmann CB, Beckmann N, Salyer CE, Hanschen M, Crisologo PA, Caldwell CC. Potential targets to mitigate trauma- or sepsis-induced immune suppression. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 622601.
McCartney-Francis N, Jin W, Wahl SM. Aberrant Toll receptor expression and endotoxin hypersensitivity in mice lacking a functional TGF-beta 1 signaling pathway. J Immunol. 2004;172:3814.
Yang X, Letterio JJ, Lechleider RJ, Chen L, Hayman R, Gu H, Roberts AB, Deng C. Targeted disruption of SMAD3 results in impaired mucosal immunity and diminished T cell responsiveness to TGF-β. EMBO J. 1999;18:1280.
Perrella MA, Hsieh CM, Lee WS, Shieh S, Tsai JC, Patterson C, Lowenstein CJ, Long NC, Haber E, Shore S, Lee ME. Arrest of endotoxin-induced hypotension by transforming growth factor beta1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:2054.
Jones-Carson J, Fantuzzi G, Siegmund B, Dinarello C, Tracey KJ, Wang H, Fang FC, Vazquez-Torres A. Suppressor alphabeta T lymphocytes control innate resistance to endotoxic shock. J Infect Dis. 2005;192:1039.
Liu F, Xie J, Zhang X, Wu Z, Zhang S, Xue M, Chen J, Yang Y, Qiu H. Overexpressing TGF-β1 in mesenchymal stem cells attenuates organ dysfunction during CLP-induced septic mice by reducing macrophage-driven inflammation. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020;11:378.
Bae JS, Lee W, Son HN, Lee YM, Kim IS. Anti-transforming growth factor β-induced protein antibody ameliorates vascular barrier dysfunction and improves survival in sepsis. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2014;212:306.
Young DG, Skibinski G, Mason JI, James K. The influence of age and gender on serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), IL-6, IL-6 soluble receptor (IL-6 sR) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) levels in normal healthy blood donors. Clin Exp Immunol. 1999;117:476.
Kim MR, Park DW, Lee JH, Choi DS, Hwang KJ, Ryu HS, Min CK. Progesterone-dependent release of transforming growth factor-beta1 from epithelial cells enhances the endometrial decidualization by turning on the Smad signalling in stromal cells. Mol Hum Reprod. 2005;11(11):801.
Ghisletti S, Meda C, Maggi A, Vegeto E. 17beta-estradiol inhibits inflammatory gene expression by controlling NF-kappaB intracellular localization. Mol Cell Biol. 2005;25:2957.
Son ED, Lee JY, Lee S, Kim MS, Lee BG, Chang IS, Chung JH. Topical application of 17beta-estradiol increases extracellular matrix protein synthesis by stimulating tgf-Beta signaling in aged human skin in vivo. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;124:1149.
Finkelman RD, Bell NH, Strong DD, Demers LM, Baylink DJ. Ovariectomy selectively reduces the concentration of transforming growth factor beta in rat bone: implications for estrogen deficiency-associated bone loss. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89:12190.
Estai MA, Suhaimi F, Das S, Shuid AN, Mohamed Z, Soelaiman IN. Expression of TGF-β1 in the blood during fracture repair in an estrogen-deficient rat model. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011;66:2113–9.
Shimaoka M, Park EJ. Advances in understanding sepsis. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl. 2008;42:146.
Wang M, Meng X, Tsai B, Wang JF, Turrentine M, Brown JW, Meldrum DR. Preconditioning up-regulates the soluble TNF receptor I response to endotoxin. J Surg Res. 2004;121:20.
Guo Z, Wang S, Jiao Q, Xu M, Xu Z. Soluble TNFR II/IgG1 Fc fusion protein treatment in the LPS-mediated septic shock of rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2009;63:537.
Schulte W, Bernhagen J, Bucala R. Cytokines in sepsis: potent immunoregulators and potential therapeutic targets—an updated view. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013: 165974.
Nedrebø T, Reed RK, Jonsson R, Berg A, Wiig H. Differential cytokine response in interstitial fluid in skin and serum during experimental inflammation in rats. J Physiol. 2004;556:193.
Honore PM, Hoste E, Molnár Z, Jacobs R, Joannes-Boyau O, Malbrain MLNG, Forni LG. Cytokine removal in human septic shock: where are we and where are we going? Ann Intensive Care. 2019;9:56.
Mohler KM, Torrance DS, Smith CA, Goodwin RG, Stremler KE, Fung VP, Madani H, Widmer MB. Soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors are effective therapeutic agents in lethal endotoxemia and function simultaneously as both TNF carriers and TNF antagonists. J Immunol. 1993;151:1548.
Jones SA, Horiuchi S, Topley N, Yamamoto N, Fuller GM. The soluble interleukin 6 receptor: mechanisms of production and implications in disease. FASEB J. 2001;15:43.
Opal SM. Dual inhibition of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18: a new treatment option for sepsis? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189:242.
Pollack M, Huang AI, Prescott RK, Youn LS, Hunder KW, Cruess DF. Enhanced survival in Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia associated with high levels of circulating antibody to Escherichia coli endotoxin core. J Clin Invest. 1983;72:1874.
Márquez-Velasco R, Massó F, Hernández-Pando R, Montaño LF, Springall R, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Bojalil R. LPS pretreatment by the oral route protects against sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Regulation of proinflammatory response and IgM anti-LPS antibody production as associated mechanisms. Inflamm Res. 2007;56:385.
Add Comment